- The authors:
Pablo Ramírez Rodríguez - Pages: 404-412
- Section: LANGUAGE, TEACHING, INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATION
- URL: http://conferences-ifl.rudn.ru/2686-8199-2020-7-404-412/
- DOI: 10.22363/2686-8199-2020-7-404-412
Up to now, in research on the creation of euphemisms and dysphemisms, in general, the linguistic resource of metaphor and metonymy has received outstanding attention. Based on the study of these two most relevant euphemistic and dysphemictic creation resources: conceptual metaphors and metonymies, this paper deals with verbal idioms, defined as fixed combinations of words that function as elements of the sentence and have an idiomatic meaning that does not correspond to the sum of the meanings of its constituents. In addition to covering up and attenuating, the euphemism fulfills the function of enhancing the prohibited reality with the intention of emphasizing some aspects that evalue it and allow to obtaine a positive vision of it. This function seems to be more related to situations in which it is sought to give prestige to certain professions or trades. From a cognitive-pragmatic dimension this research describes the two phenomena, euphemism and dysphemism, as possible processes through which an interdicted reality is conceptualized, each of which has specific objectives and produces a different discursive effect. Specifically, the speaker makes use of a great variety of linguistic resources that allow him to conceal this reality, attenuate it and expressively enhance it, in the case of euphemism, or motivate and reinforce it evocatively, in the case of dysphemism. This approach corresponds to a conception of euphemism and dysphemism that defines them as discursive phenomena that are updated in the context and are subject to pragmatic elements derived from the concrete communicative situation. This research discusses and highlights the pragmatic-discursive approach that offers the possibility of investigating the functioning and actual use of euphemisms and dysphemisms in discourse. Regarding the analysis of euphemistic and dysphemistic verbal idioms, the pragmatic-discursive approach is complemented by another perspective of study that pays attention to the lexical-semantic aspects, as well as to the metaphorical and metonymic nature of this class of phraseologisms. Based on this idea, in euphemistic verbal idioms the metonymies tend to rely on a metaphorical conception based on beliefs or customs, dysphemistic verbal idioms, however, highlight the negative part of the speech, reflected in the process of the action.
Keywords: Metaphor, methonimy, fixed expression, idiomatic expression, verbal idiom
Pablo Ramírez Rodríguez
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Moscow, Russia/Spain
e-mail: Pabloatanasev@gmail.com
Alonso Moya, M. 1978. El empleo de la metafora en la sustitucion de términos tabu. Con ejemplos de las lenguas espanola e inglesa. Filologia Moderna Madrid 18 (63–64): 197–212.
Blanch, J.M.L. 1961. Algunas expresiones mexicanas relativas a la muerte. Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica 15 (1/2): 69–80.
Blanco, C.M. 2013. El campo conceptual TOD/MUERTE en alemán y español: eufemismos y disfemismos. Revista de Filología Alemana 21: 105–125.
Cartelle, E.M. 1973. Aspectos léxicos y literanos del latin erotico. Santiago de Compostela 12: 24–29.
Casas Gómez, M. 1986. La interdicción lingüística. Mecanismos del eufemismo y disfemismo. Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz. In Actas del III Congreso Nacional de Lingüística Aplicada, Cádiz: 57–261.
Casas Gómez, M. 1996. El poder mágico de la palabra. Trivium: Anuario de Estudios Humanísticos 8: 29–52.
Casas Gómez, M. 2012. De una visión léxica y pragmático-discursiva a una dimensión cognitiva en la caracterización extralingüística y lingüística del eufemismo. Études pragmático-discursives sur l’euphémisme 12 (1): 53–72.
Cestero Mancera, A.M. 2015. La expresión del tabú: estudio sociolingüístico. Boletín de filología 50 (1): 71–105.
Crespo Fernández, E. 2005. El eufemismo, el disfemismo y los procesos mixtos: la manipulación del referente en el lenguaje literario inglés desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, Thesis of Doctor, Universitat d’AlacantUniversidad de Alicante, 55 p.
Crespo Fernández, E. 2008. La conceptualización metafórica del eufemismo en epitafios. Estudios filológicos 43: 83–100.
De Molina Ortés, E.F. 2014. La presencia de eufemismos y disfemismos en el campo semántico del cuerpo humano. Estudio sociolingüístico. Pragmalingüística, (22): 8–30.
Dobrovol’skij, D., & Piirainen, E. 2006. Cultural knowledge and idioms. International journal of english studies 6 (1): 66–74.
Georgiev, G. 2019. Feature-rich part-of-speech tagging for morphologically complex languages: Application to Bulgarian. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.11503: 210–217.
Gómez, J. 2019. Virus, lenguajes, metáforas/Viruses, languages, metaphors. El jardín de los poetas 9: 13–24.
Gómez, M.C. 2009. Towards a new approach to the linguistic definition of euphemism. Language Sciences 31(6): 725–739.
Lakoff, G. 1987. The death of dead metaphor. Metaphor and symbol 2(2): 143–147.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. 1980. The metaphorical structure of the human conceptual system. Cognitive science 4 (2): 195–208.
Natalías, V.E. 2009. Revisión del concepto de eufemismo: una propuesta de clasificación. Revista internacional de lingüística iberoamericana: 147–163.
Penadés Martínez, I. 2012. Gramática y semántica de las locuciones. Revista lingüística en la red, (10), 2: 3–27.
Penadés Martínez, I. 2019. La marcación lexicográfica de las locuciones eufemísticas. Lengua, cultura, discurso. Navarra: 703–718.
Zhou, J. 2018. Estudio cognitivo de la metáfora y metonimia del eufemismo lingüístico de” morir” en chino y español: análisis contrastivo y su aplicación en ELE, Thesis of Doctor, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 235 p.